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Field of view

From a purely physical perspective, the term "Field of view" refers to the portion of space that our eye (or some optical device) can capture, as light rays enter it. The field of view varies among different things (as do their definitions – for example, a microscope's is different from an astronomical telescope's).

What is the Angle of View?

The angle of view is related to the field of view in that it provides a numerical expression of the field of view. In more specialized and scientific works, it can be encountered as the angle (also known as angular distance) from the axis of the device.

What does the field of view determine for products on the market?

If we were to discuss modern products again (emphasizing optical ones – telescopes, professional and non-professional astronomical gadgets, peep sights, monoculars, observational sniper tools, …), in 100% of cases, they indicate the extent of the area you will see with the given product (usually expressed in the format "kilometers/meters times angle").

While we can move our eyes within this instrument-facilitated vision, it is pointless until we physically aim the viewing device elsewhere, thereby changing its focus on a different area.

How does the human eye see?

Regarding the field of view of the human eye, it reaches approximately 90° from the head's axis to the side (left eye leftward and right eye rightward). In contrast, it is less – approximately 50°. Overall, it amounts to a total and complete horizontal angle of view of around 140-150° +/-. Regarding the vertical plane, it is 50°, because we have eyelids, so upward, it will always be slightly smaller.

In terms of stereo vision (that is, all types of binoculars), they are necessary if we want to maintain the perception of space, and their angle is usually 114° horizontally. This is intentional, because if you increased it to a human-like 140-150°, certain areas too much on one side would see just one eye on the opposite side and vice versa (let's be glad we are not birds, because while we could fly, their stereo vision is only 10-20°).

The angle of view of the human eye also depends on several surrounding factors: how everything is illuminated, how large the observed point is, its color, … Interestingly, the largest angle of view is for white, followed by yellow, blue, and red, with the smallest for green.

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