Polyester

Often each of us has heard that synthetic fibers are not good, that they are unpleasant on the skin and much more. How is it, for example, with polyester, which is one of the most produced synthetic fibers of recent times? Is it really that bad? How was it actually discovered and how is it produced?

So, what is polyester? From the name, we can infer that it is a plastic material. In practice, it is, but a more precise definition is suitable. Polyester is the basis for the production of polyester fibers, which are synthetic products. The label for polyester is PES. These fibers are primarily used in manufacturing equipment such as backpacks, bags, but also clothing.

What do we historically know about polyester?

Would you believe that the natural form of polyester has been known since 1830? Polyester recorded its first use during World War I, where it was primarily used as a waterproofing layer. With the gradual discovery of synthetic fibers, among which Nylon was included, polyester was discovered almost by accident. Although researchers were several times on the brink of discovering polyester, its fiber was not patented until 1941 in England. After cotton, it is the most used fiber in the world. 

What is the situation with polyester today?

The current production of polyester is still increasing. In 2005, it was about 25 million tons of material, and in 2014 about almost 59 million tons. Those are pretty decent numbers, right? Despite what might seem like polyester is on the rise, its future is a bit uncertain. Modern countries are moving away from it and replacing it with modern solutions. On the contrary, countries like China and Thailand, which are the largest producers of polyester, are different.

How is it made?

The basic raw material for PES is oil. Two basic raw materials are extracted from it – dimethyl terephthalate and glycol. This is followed by a polycondensation process, which produces polyethylene terephthalate. It is then either spun directly or modified into granulate form. This is transported and sold for spinning purposes.

What is it good for?

Polyester represents a great alternative to natural fibers. It is strong, reliable, dries quickly and its structure is directly open to modification. It is an inexpensive alternative that is readily available and reliable.