Titanium

Titanium (chemical symbol Ti) is a lightweight, strong, and highly corrosion-resistant metal naturally found in the Earth’s crust. Although relatively abundant, it is expensive due to the complexity of its extraction and refining processes.

Properties of Titanium

• High strength-to-weight ratio (density: 4.5 g/cm³)
• Excellent corrosion resistance, even in saltwater
• Good thermal and electrical conductivity
• Biocompatibility – ideal for medical implants
• Melting point: approx. 1,668 °C

Applications

Titanium is used in industries where strength, durability, and weight reduction are critical:

• Aerospace (aircraft parts, space components)
• Medical implants (joint replacements, screws, plates)
• Chemical processing (acid-resistant vessels)
• Sports and outdoor equipment
• Knife-making (handles, liners, clips – rarely blades)

Production

The most common ores are ilmenite (FeTiO₃) and rutile (TiO₂). Titanium is primarily refined through the Kroll process, which is complex and costly, significantly influencing the final price of the material.

Fun Fact

During the Cold War, the U.S. covertly purchased titanium from the Soviet Union to build spy aircraft, as domestic production was not yet sufficient.